Phytophthora infestans RXLR effectors act in concert at diverse subcellular locations to enhance host colonization.
Identifieur interne : 000422 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000421; suivant : 000423Phytophthora infestans RXLR effectors act in concert at diverse subcellular locations to enhance host colonization.
Auteurs : Shumei Wang [Royaume-Uni] ; Hazel Mclellan [Royaume-Uni] ; Tatyana Bukharova [Royaume-Uni] ; Qin He [Royaume-Uni] ; Fraser Murphy [Royaume-Uni] ; Jiayang Shi [République populaire de Chine] ; Shaohui Sun [République populaire de Chine] ; Pauline Van Weymers [Royaume-Uni] ; Yajuan Ren [République populaire de Chine] ; Gaetan Thilliez [Royaume-Uni] ; Haixia Wang [Royaume-Uni, République populaire de Chine] ; Xinwei Chen [Royaume-Uni] ; Stefan Engelhardt [Royaume-Uni, Allemagne] ; Vivianne Vleeshouwers [Pays-Bas] ; Eleanor M. Gilroy [Royaume-Uni] ; Stephen C. Whisson [Royaume-Uni] ; Ingo Hein [Royaume-Uni] ; Xiaodan Wang [République populaire de Chine] ; Zhendong Tian [République populaire de Chine] ; Paul R J. Birch [Royaume-Uni] ; Petra C. Boevink [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Journal of experimental botany [ 1460-2431 ] ; 2019.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- immunologie : Maladies des plantes.
- microbiologie : Maladies des plantes, Tabac.
- métabolisme : Facteurs de virulence, Protéines à fluorescence verte.
- pathogénicité : Phytophthora infestans.
- Interactions hôte-pathogène, Régulation positive.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , metabolism : Green Fluorescent Proteins, Virulence Factors.
- immunology : Plant Diseases.
- microbiology : Plant Diseases, Tobacco.
- pathogenicity : Phytophthora infestans.
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Up-Regulation.
Abstract
Oomycetes such as the potato blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans deliver RXLR effectors into plant cells to manipulate host processes and promote disease. Knowledge of where they localize inside host cells is important in understanding their function. Fifty-two P. infestans RXLR effectors (PiRXLRs) up-regulated during early stages of infection were expressed as fluorescent protein (FP) fusions inside cells of the model host Nicotiana benthamiana. FP-PiRXLR fusions were predominantly nucleo-cytoplasmic, nuclear, or plasma membrane-associated. Some also localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, peroxisomes, or microtubules, suggesting diverse sites of subcellular activity. Seven of the 25 PiRXLRs examined during infection accumulated at sites of haustorium penetration, probably due to co-localization with host target processes; Pi16663 (Avr1), for example, localized to Sec5-associated mobile bodies which showed perihaustorial accumulation. Forty-five FP-RXLR fusions enhanced pathogen leaf colonization when expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, revealing that their presence was beneficial to infection. Co-expression of PiRXLRs that target and suppress different immune pathways resulted in an additive enhancement of colonization, indicating the potential to study effector combinations using transient expression assays. We provide a broad platform of high confidence P. infestans effector candidates from which to investigate the mechanisms, singly and in combination, by which this pathogen causes disease.
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery360
PubMed: 30329083
PubMed Central: PMC6305197
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni, République populaire de Chine
- Bavière, District de Haute-Bavière, Gueldre (province), Hubei
- Munich, Wageningue, Wuhan
- Université de Wageningue, Université technique de Munich
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
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Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Wuhan</settlement><region type="région">Hubei</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Xinwei" sort="Chen, Xinwei" uniqKey="Chen X" first="Xinwei" last="Chen">Xinwei Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Engelhardt, Stefan" sort="Engelhardt, Stefan" uniqKey="Engelhardt S" first="Stefan" last="Engelhardt">Stefan Engelhardt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Freising</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université technique de Munich</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vleeshouwers, Vivianne" sort="Vleeshouwers, Vivianne" uniqKey="Vleeshouwers V" first="Vivianne" last="Vleeshouwers">Vivianne Vleeshouwers</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University, Wageningen</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Wageningue</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Wageningue</settlement><region nuts="2">Gueldre (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gilroy, Eleanor M" sort="Gilroy, Eleanor M" uniqKey="Gilroy E" first="Eleanor M" last="Gilroy">Eleanor M. Gilroy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Whisson, Stephen C" sort="Whisson, Stephen C" uniqKey="Whisson S" first="Stephen C" last="Whisson">Stephen C. Whisson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hein, Ingo" sort="Hein, Ingo" uniqKey="Hein I" first="Ingo" last="Hein">Ingo Hein</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Xiaodan" sort="Wang, Xiaodan" uniqKey="Wang X" first="Xiaodan" last="Wang">Xiaodan Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Virus-free Seedling Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Virus-free Seedling Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Harbin</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tian, Zhendong" sort="Tian, Zhendong" uniqKey="Tian Z" first="Zhendong" last="Tian">Zhendong Tian</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Wuhan</settlement><region type="région">Hubei</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Birch, Paul R J" sort="Birch, Paul R J" uniqKey="Birch P" first="Paul R J" last="Birch">Paul R J. Birch</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boevink, Petra C" sort="Boevink, Petra C" uniqKey="Boevink P" first="Petra C" last="Boevink">Petra C. Boevink</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2019">2019</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:30329083</idno><idno type="pmid">30329083</idno><idno type="doi">10.1093/jxb/ery360</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC6305197</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000645</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000645</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000645</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000645</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000645</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Phytophthora infestans RXLR effectors act in concert at diverse subcellular locations to enhance host colonization.</title><author><name sortKey="Wang, Shumei" sort="Wang, Shumei" uniqKey="Wang S" first="Shumei" last="Wang">Shumei Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mclellan, Hazel" sort="Mclellan, Hazel" uniqKey="Mclellan H" first="Hazel" last="Mclellan">Hazel Mclellan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bukharova, Tatyana" sort="Bukharova, Tatyana" uniqKey="Bukharova T" first="Tatyana" last="Bukharova">Tatyana Bukharova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="He, Qin" sort="He, Qin" uniqKey="He Q" first="Qin" last="He">Qin He</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Murphy, Fraser" sort="Murphy, Fraser" uniqKey="Murphy F" first="Fraser" last="Murphy">Fraser Murphy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shi, Jiayang" sort="Shi, Jiayang" uniqKey="Shi J" first="Jiayang" last="Shi">Jiayang Shi</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Wuhan</settlement><region type="région">Hubei</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sun, Shaohui" sort="Sun, Shaohui" uniqKey="Sun S" first="Shaohui" last="Sun">Shaohui Sun</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Daqing</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Virus-free Seedling Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Virus-free Seedling Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Harbin</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Weymers, Pauline" sort="Van Weymers, Pauline" uniqKey="Van Weymers P" first="Pauline" last="Van Weymers">Pauline Van Weymers</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ren, Yajuan" sort="Ren, Yajuan" uniqKey="Ren Y" first="Yajuan" last="Ren">Yajuan Ren</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Wuhan</settlement><region type="région">Hubei</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thilliez, Gaetan" sort="Thilliez, Gaetan" uniqKey="Thilliez G" first="Gaetan" last="Thilliez">Gaetan Thilliez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Haixia" sort="Wang, Haixia" uniqKey="Wang H" first="Haixia" last="Wang">Haixia Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Wuhan</settlement><region type="région">Hubei</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Xinwei" sort="Chen, Xinwei" uniqKey="Chen X" first="Xinwei" last="Chen">Xinwei Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Engelhardt, Stefan" sort="Engelhardt, Stefan" uniqKey="Engelhardt S" first="Stefan" last="Engelhardt">Stefan Engelhardt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Freising</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université technique de Munich</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vleeshouwers, Vivianne" sort="Vleeshouwers, Vivianne" uniqKey="Vleeshouwers V" first="Vivianne" last="Vleeshouwers">Vivianne Vleeshouwers</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University, Wageningen</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Wageningue</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Wageningue</settlement><region nuts="2">Gueldre (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gilroy, Eleanor M" sort="Gilroy, Eleanor M" uniqKey="Gilroy E" first="Eleanor M" last="Gilroy">Eleanor M. Gilroy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Whisson, Stephen C" sort="Whisson, Stephen C" uniqKey="Whisson S" first="Stephen C" last="Whisson">Stephen C. Whisson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hein, Ingo" sort="Hein, Ingo" uniqKey="Hein I" first="Ingo" last="Hein">Ingo Hein</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Xiaodan" sort="Wang, Xiaodan" uniqKey="Wang X" first="Xiaodan" last="Wang">Xiaodan Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Virus-free Seedling Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Virus-free Seedling Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Harbin</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tian, Zhendong" sort="Tian, Zhendong" uniqKey="Tian Z" first="Zhendong" last="Tian">Zhendong Tian</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Wuhan</settlement><region type="région">Hubei</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Birch, Paul R J" sort="Birch, Paul R J" uniqKey="Birch P" first="Paul R J" last="Birch">Paul R J. Birch</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boevink, Petra C" sort="Boevink, Petra C" uniqKey="Boevink P" first="Petra C" last="Boevink">Petra C. Boevink</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of experimental botany</title><idno type="eISSN">1460-2431</idno><imprint><date when="2019" type="published">2019</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Green Fluorescent Proteins (metabolism)</term><term>Host-Pathogen Interactions (MeSH)</term><term>Phytophthora infestans (pathogenicity)</term><term>Plant Diseases (immunology)</term><term>Plant Diseases (microbiology)</term><term>Tobacco (microbiology)</term><term>Up-Regulation (MeSH)</term><term>Virulence Factors (metabolism)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Facteurs de virulence (métabolisme)</term><term>Interactions hôte-pathogène (MeSH)</term><term>Maladies des plantes (immunologie)</term><term>Maladies des plantes (microbiologie)</term><term>Phytophthora infestans (pathogénicité)</term><term>Protéines à fluorescence verte (métabolisme)</term><term>Régulation positive (MeSH)</term><term>Tabac (microbiologie)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Green Fluorescent Proteins</term><term>Virulence Factors</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Maladies des plantes</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Plant Diseases</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Maladies des plantes</term><term>Tabac</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Plant Diseases</term><term>Tobacco</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>Facteurs de virulence</term><term>Protéines à fluorescence verte</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogenicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Phytophthora infestans</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogénicité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Phytophthora infestans</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Host-Pathogen Interactions</term><term>Up-Regulation</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Interactions hôte-pathogène</term><term>Régulation positive</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Oomycetes such as the potato blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans deliver RXLR effectors into plant cells to manipulate host processes and promote disease. Knowledge of where they localize inside host cells is important in understanding their function. Fifty-two P. infestans RXLR effectors (PiRXLRs) up-regulated during early stages of infection were expressed as fluorescent protein (FP) fusions inside cells of the model host Nicotiana benthamiana. FP-PiRXLR fusions were predominantly nucleo-cytoplasmic, nuclear, or plasma membrane-associated. Some also localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, peroxisomes, or microtubules, suggesting diverse sites of subcellular activity. Seven of the 25 PiRXLRs examined during infection accumulated at sites of haustorium penetration, probably due to co-localization with host target processes; Pi16663 (Avr1), for example, localized to Sec5-associated mobile bodies which showed perihaustorial accumulation. Forty-five FP-RXLR fusions enhanced pathogen leaf colonization when expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, revealing that their presence was beneficial to infection. Co-expression of PiRXLRs that target and suppress different immune pathways resulted in an additive enhancement of colonization, indicating the potential to study effector combinations using transient expression assays. We provide a broad platform of high confidence P. infestans effector candidates from which to investigate the mechanisms, singly and in combination, by which this pathogen causes disease.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">30329083</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>11</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>09</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1460-2431</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>70</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><PubDate><Year>2019</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>01</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Journal of experimental botany</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J Exp Bot</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Phytophthora infestans RXLR effectors act in concert at diverse subcellular locations to enhance host colonization.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>343-356</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1093/jxb/ery360</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Oomycetes such as the potato blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans deliver RXLR effectors into plant cells to manipulate host processes and promote disease. Knowledge of where they localize inside host cells is important in understanding their function. Fifty-two P. infestans RXLR effectors (PiRXLRs) up-regulated during early stages of infection were expressed as fluorescent protein (FP) fusions inside cells of the model host Nicotiana benthamiana. FP-PiRXLR fusions were predominantly nucleo-cytoplasmic, nuclear, or plasma membrane-associated. Some also localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, peroxisomes, or microtubules, suggesting diverse sites of subcellular activity. Seven of the 25 PiRXLRs examined during infection accumulated at sites of haustorium penetration, probably due to co-localization with host target processes; Pi16663 (Avr1), for example, localized to Sec5-associated mobile bodies which showed perihaustorial accumulation. Forty-five FP-RXLR fusions enhanced pathogen leaf colonization when expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, revealing that their presence was beneficial to infection. Co-expression of PiRXLRs that target and suppress different immune pathways resulted in an additive enhancement of colonization, indicating the potential to study effector combinations using transient expression assays. We provide a broad platform of high confidence P. infestans effector candidates from which to investigate the mechanisms, singly and in combination, by which this pathogen causes disease.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Shumei</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>McLellan</LastName><ForeName>Hazel</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bukharova</LastName><ForeName>Tatyana</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>He</LastName><ForeName>Qin</ForeName><Initials>Q</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Murphy</LastName><ForeName>Fraser</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shi</LastName><ForeName>Jiayang</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sun</LastName><ForeName>Shaohui</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Virus-free Seedling Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>van Weymers</LastName><ForeName>Pauline</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ren</LastName><ForeName>Yajuan</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Thilliez</LastName><ForeName>Gaetan</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Haixia</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen</LastName><ForeName>Xinwei</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Engelhardt</LastName><ForeName>Stefan</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vleeshouwers</LastName><ForeName>Vivianne</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gilroy</LastName><ForeName>Eleanor M</ForeName><Initials>EM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Whisson</LastName><ForeName>Stephen C</ForeName><Initials>SC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hein</LastName><ForeName>Ingo</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Xiaodan</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Virus-free Seedling Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tian</LastName><ForeName>Zhendong</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Birch</LastName><ForeName>Paul R J</ForeName><Initials>PRJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Boevink</LastName><ForeName>Petra C</ForeName><Initials>PC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>BB/G015244/1</GrantID><Agency>Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council</Agency><Country>United Kingdom</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>BB/L026880/1</GrantID><Acronym>BB_</Acronym><Agency>Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council</Agency><Country>United Kingdom</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>BB/N009967/1</GrantID><Acronym>BB_</Acronym><Agency>Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council</Agency><Country>United Kingdom</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>BB/K018183/1</GrantID><Acronym>BB_</Acronym><Agency>Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council</Agency><Country>United Kingdom</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>J Exp Bot</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9882906</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0022-0957</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D037521">Virulence Factors</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>147336-22-9</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D049452">Green Fluorescent Proteins</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D049452" MajorTopicYN="N">Green Fluorescent Proteins</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D054884" MajorTopicYN="Y">Host-Pathogen Interactions</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D055750" MajorTopicYN="N">Phytophthora infestans</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000472" MajorTopicYN="Y">pathogenicity</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010935" MajorTopicYN="N">Plant Diseases</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="Y">immunology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="N">microbiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014026" MajorTopicYN="N">Tobacco</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="Y">microbiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015854" MajorTopicYN="N">Up-Regulation</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D037521" MajorTopicYN="N">Virulence Factors</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2018</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>25</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate 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